What will happen to the steel and silicon industries when (or if) we run out of fossil fuels?

 Keep your cool; it's not going to happen. Hydrocarbons will never run out on the earth. It will exist as long as someone requires it and is ready to pay the price. There's more information on that below. On the other hand, the human mind is capable of great creativity and never says when switching a manufacturing process from one heat source to another.

The world will never run out of coal, oil, and natural gas, first, last, and always. This isn't due to an endless supply that the general people are unaware of, nor is it due to some miraculous regeneration that science has yet to discover. This is because the energy business and scientists worldwide are constantly looking for new and superior energy sources, better techniques for finding and recovering hydrocarbons, and ways to increase the efficiency of a wide range of devices that use these energy sources. Hydrocarbon costs will fluctuate over time, just as they have since the Colonel's first strike in Pennsylvania. Meanwhile, as technology improves, the prices of so-called renewable energy sources will continue to fall.

Eventually, those costs will reverse in different parts of the world at different periods. Future production will be primarily for non-energy requirements, sustaining higher pricing than fuel or electrical generating.

It's important to remember that oil and gas can be used for various purposes other than energy (Medicines, Insecticides, Ink, Floor Wax, Pens, Upholstery, Clothing, Boats, Sports Car Bodies, Nail Polish, Fishing Lures, etc.). Flight fuel will most likely be the most critical long-term petroleum energy requirement. The bottom line is how much it costs to produce and how many people are willing or able to pay for it.

In the oil and gas business, innovation and invention are buzzwords. In 1865, a civil war veteran with explosives experience received the first "fracturing" patent. The Halliburton Company used a technology invented and patented by Stanolind to accomplish the first use of hydraulic fracturing in 1949. Nuclear fracturing experiments with a 29 kiloton weapon were carried out in New Mexico in 1967. (Look up "project gas buggy" on the internet.) Without going over today's advancements in fluids, proppants, and pumps, you might quickly see 20 to 25 frac jobs in a single horizontal wellbore. I'm not even heading to get started on geophysics, drillbits, testing, etc.

Companies that want to be in business for a long time are already becoming energy firms rather than oil or gas companies. Hopefully, countries that rely on hydrocarbons for money will have evolved into a more sustainable environment for their population.

I've been hearing claims that wind, solar, or whatever else is "already cheaper than petroleum." Of course, they are - in Sub-Saharan Africa, Alaska's outback, the Andes, etc. You get my drift. Anywhere that lacks petroleum infrastructure can adopt wind and solar for a fraction of the cost of establishing pipelines and refineries. But to argue the same thing about the United States or Europe is absurd. The direct subsidies paid by all taxpayers, whether they are consumers or not, are the only thing that restores the balance. But everything is related to silicon industries all depend on semiconductor direct or indirect 


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